Mongolia

About Mongolia

Capital

Ulaanbaatar

Continent

Independence Date

11 July 1921

Official Language	Mongolian
Second Language	English, Russian
Population	~3.5 million
Passport Color	Red
Passport Rank	#69
Dialing Code	976
Country TLD	.mn

Mongolia Overview

Mongolia is a vast, landlocked country in East & Central Asia, bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east, and west. The capital and largest city is Ulaanbaatar (UB).

Known for the Gobi Desert, sweeping steppe, and dramatic mountains, Mongolia is the home of nomadic culture, the legacy of the Mongol Empire, and the colorful Naadam festival (wrestling, horse racing, archery). Top highlights include Orkhon Valley (UNESCO), Khustain Nuruu National Park (Przewalski’s horses), Gorkhi-Terelj granite landscapes, and the Flaming Cliffs (Bayanzag).

The economy centers on mining (coal, copper, gold), cashmere & livestock, and services, with growing tourism and renewables. Mongolian is the official language; the currency is the Mongolian Tögrög (MNT).

Quick Facts About Mongolia

Coordinates	46.8625° N, 103.8467° E
Bordering Countries	Russia (N), China (E/S/W)
Region / Continent	Asia (East & Central Asia)
Total Area	~1,564,116 sq km
Population Density	~2 people per sq km
Highest Point	Khüiten Peak (Tavan Bogd) – 4,374 m
Major Rivers	Selenga, Orkhon, Kherlen, Tuul, Onon
Climate Type	Harsh continental (long, cold winters; short warm summers)
Famous For	Gobi Desert, nomadic culture, Naadam festival, steppe landscapes
Major Landmarks	Orkhon Valley (UNESCO), Khustain Nuruu NP, Gorkhi-Terelj, Flaming Cliffs (Bayanzag), Karakorum (Kharkhorin), Lake Khövsgöl
Official Language	Mongolian
Currency	Mongolian Tögrög (MNT)
Government Type	Parliamentary Republic
Time Zones	UTC+7 & UTC+8 (no DST)
Major Exports	Coal, copper, gold, cashmere, fluorspar
Visitor Entry	Visa policy varies by nationality (some visa-free/eVisa); verify current rules