Turkmenistan
| Official Language | Afrikaans |
| Second Language | Russian, English |
| Population | ~6.6 million |
| Passport Color | Green |
| Passport Rank | #95 |
| Dialing Code | 993 |
| Country TLD | .tm |
Turkmenistan Overview
Turkmenistan is a landlocked nation in Central Asia. It is bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, and Iran to the south and southwest, with a long western coastline along the Caspian Sea. The capital and largest city is Ashgabat.
Much of Turkmenistan is covered by the Karakum Desert. Historically located on the Silk Road, the country features ancient sites like Merv and Nisa. Since independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Turkmenistan’s economy has centered on its vast natural gas reserves, along with petroleum products and cotton.
Turkmen culture highlights include world-famous Turkmen carpets and the Akhal-Teke horse breed. The striking white-marble architecture of Ashgabat and the otherworldly Darvaza gas crater (“Door to Hell”) draw curious travelers seeking unique desert experiences.
Popular attractions include the Ancient City of Merv (UNESCO), the Parthian Fortresses of Nisa (UNESCO), the Darvaza gas crater, and the Köýtendag mountains near the Uzbek border.
Quick Facts About Turkmenistan
| Coordinates | 38.9697° N, 59.5563° E |
|---|---|
| Bordering Countries | Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran |
| Region / Continent | Asia (Central Asia) |
| Total Area | 488,100 sq km |
| Population Density | ~13 people per sq km |
| Highest Point | Aýrybaba (Ayrybaba) – 3,139 m |
| Major Rivers | Amu Darya, Murghab, Tejen (Hari) |
| Climate Type | Desert and semi-arid; very hot summers, cold winters |
| Famous For | Karakum Desert, Darvaza gas crater, Turkmen carpets, Akhal-Teke horses |
| Major Landmarks | Ancient Merv, Nisa, Darvaza, Ashgabat (white-marble cityscape) |
| Official Language | Turkmen |
| Currency | Turkmenistan Manat (TMT) |
| Government Type | Unitary presidential republic |
| Time Zone | UTC+5 (TMT) |
| Major Exports | Natural gas, petroleum products, cotton, textiles |
| Visitor Entry | Visa required; Letter of Invitation often needed |
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